西方体育的传入
自1840年鸦片战争以后，西方近代体育思想、体育项目和竞赛等内容传入中国，随之在中国的大城市、军队和学校中，开始了各种体育项目的竞赛活动，全国、大区、各省等举办各级运动会，到1948年先后举行了7次全国运动会。中国近代体育开始与国际体育活动接轨，先后参加了10届远东运动会和3届奥运会。
The Import of Western Sports
Following the Opium War in 1840, the western physical culture and sports found theirway to China through the major cities. Athletic competitions were held by troops and schools at the national, regional, provincial and municipal levels, notably the seven editions of the National Games up to the end of 1948. Modern sporting activities were carried out on an international scale. China was represented ten times at the Far Eastern Championship Games and three times at the Olympic Games during the Modern Period.
自号鉴湖女侠的民主主义革命家秋瑾(1879-1907)，1907年1月，大通学堂公推她为督办。同时，她还主持了绍兴体育会的工作。
Qiu Jin(1879-1907)was in charge of the sports association of Shaoxing,Zhejiang Province before she laid down her life for the cause of democratic revolution.
上海圣约翰书院是1879年成立的教会学校，于1890年举行了我国最早的学校运动会。
China’s first intramural athletic meet was held in 1890 at a missionary school founded by St John’s Academy in Shanghai in 1879.
我国早期体育教育家徐一冰（1881—1922）,致力于中国体操学校的创立，提倡国民体育，体育著作甚多。
Xu Yibing(1881-1922),a well-known educationist and founder of the China Gymnastics School.
自1913年到1934年，我国共参加了十届远东运动会，中国足球获得九届冠军。著名运动员李惠堂被誉为“亚洲最佳球员”。图为李惠堂和他的《足球世界》的题词。
China was represented ten times at the Far Eastern Championship Games (FECG)from 1913 to 1934, winning the football event nine times. Picture shows Li Huitang, the Best Football Player in Asia.
1930年在东京举行的第9届远东运动会上，我国排球队获得冠军。图为中菲男排之战，我队员跃起扣球的情景。
The Chinese team defeated the Philippines team for the championship in the volleyball final at the 9th Far East Championship Games in Tokyo in 1930. Pictured is a Chinese player jumpingup for a smash.
20年代，中国最早赴美国春田大学学习的体育专科的留学生。左起：许民辉、高锡威、董守义。他们回国后，为中国体育事业的发展做出了重要贡献。
The first group of Chinese students majoring in physical education at Springfield College in the United States in the 1920’s.L-R:Xu Minhui, Gao Xiwei and Dong Shouyi.
陆礼华（1899——）（前排中）系中国体操学校的毕业生，她1922年创办了上海两江女子体育学校。图为1935年她率领该校篮球队访问南洋时的合影。
After her graduation from China Gymnastics School, Lu Lihua (1899-1997) established a sports school for women in Shanghai in 1922. Picture shows her with her school’s basketball team on its tour to Southeast Asia in 1935.
近代学校体育课即接受了西方体育项目，又保留了中国传统体育的内容。民国初期，上海市广东小学7-15岁学生的体育课就有武术的传授与操练。
In school physical education, both modern Western and traditional Chinese sports were taught, with the latter in the form of wushu lessons, as were given at this primary school in Shanghai in the 1910’s.
1936年在柏林举行的第十一届奥运会上，中法篮球队在进行比赛。
A basketball game between China and France at the 11th Olympic Games.
1936年在柏林举行的第十一届奥运会上，中英足球对垒。图为中国队正在攻球。
China (on the offensive) vs England at the 11th Olympic Games.
我国撑杆跳高名将符保卢，1936年在柏林举行的第十一届奥运会上，成为唯一获得决赛资格的中国运动员。
Fu Baolu, the only Chinese to advance to the finals at the 11th Olympic Games.
1949年以前被选为国际奥委会委员的3位中国人。左起：王正廷、孔祥熙、董守义。
The three Chinese IOC members in the first half of this century:(L-R)Wang Zhengting,Kong Xiangxi and Dong Shouyi.
被誉为“短跑怪杰”的刘长春是我国第一位参加奥运会的运动员。其100米成绩为10秒7.这一纪录，他在国内保持了25年之久。图为刘长春在1935年第6届全国运动会上。
Liu Changchun,holder of the national 100m record of 10.7 sec for 25 year,took part in the 1932 Olympic Games as the first Chinese Olympian,Here he is shown at the Sixth National Game in 1935.
台湾运动员张瑞妍在1948年上海举行的第七届全国运动会上，获女子标枪第一名。
Zhang Ruiyan from Taiwan Province, winner of the women’s javelin at the Seventh National Games held in Shanghai in 1948.